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AIM: To provide guidance for more accurate measurement of axial length(AL)of difficult measuring eyes by comparing the differences in the AL of the patient's difficult measuring eye with three methods of the sitting position, supine position A-scan and Lenstar 900(Lenstar, LS900). METHODS: Clinical case-control study. We selected 102 cases(102 eyes)including cataract patients with combined silicone oil filled, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment and patients with dislocation of the lens or IOL in Zhengzhou Second Hospital from May 2019 to September 2020. AL were measured using LS900 and A-scan on sitting position and supine position respectively, and the results of the three methods were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The detection rates of LS900 and A-scan axial measurement were 83% and 100% respectively. Three methods of A scan in sitting position, supine position and LS900 to measure the overall AL, silicone oil group, lens dislocation group and vitreous hemorrhage group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001), The mean values of AL measured by overall A-scan, supine positions of silicone oil group, supine position of lens dislocation group and vitreous hemorrhage group were statistically significant differences with LS900 measurement(all P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference between the results of the overall sitting position and the difficult measuring eye groups' sitting position compared with the LS900 measurement of AL. The three measurements showed good consistency within the 95% consistency range, but the result of A-scan on sitting position was closer to LS900.CONCLUSION: Changing the conventional decubitus position to the sitting position can improve the accuracy of the measurement results and provide clinicians with more reliable guidance for the treatment of patients with difficult measuring eyes of A-scan axial measurement, especially in diseases with altered ocular structure.
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Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the effects of @*Methods@#In this study, 0.1% DMG was supplemented in 20% casein diets that were either folate-sufficient (20C) or folate-deficient (20CFD). Blood and liver of rats were subjected to assays of Hcy and its metabolites. Hcy and its related metabolite concentrations were determined using a liquid chromatographic system.@*Results@#Folate deprivation significantly increased pHcy concentration in rats fed 20C diet (from 14.19 ± 0.39 μmol/L to 28.49 ± 0.50 μmol/L; @*Conclusion@#DMG supplementation exhibited hypohomocysteinemic effects under folate-sufficient conditions. By contrast, the combination of folate deficiency and DMG supplementation has deleterious effect on pHcy concentration.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Biomarkers/metabolism , Chromatography, Liquid , Diet , Dietary Supplements , Folic Acid Deficiency/metabolism , Homocysteine/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Sarcosine/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LZD, ) on the ventricular remodeling (VR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related mRNA and proteins expression in transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, and explain its putative mechanism.@*METHODS@#A VR model was generated by ligation of coronary artery in mice. Two weeks after surgery, 60 mice were randomly divided into the model group, the sham-operation group (distilled water), the positive control group (2.4 mg/kg simvastatin), and the low-, medium- and high-dose LZD groups (2.1, 4.2, 8.4 g crude drug/kg, respectively) by a random number table, 10 mice in each group. Mice in each group was treated for 4 weeks. Changes of hemodynamics indices and cardiac weight index were detected by the PowerLab data acquisition and analysis recording instrument. Morphology changes of myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining. The expressions of TGF-β, Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blotting. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β, Smad2 and Smad3 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expressions of matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP2), MMP9, collagen I and collagen III were observed by immunohistochemical methods.@*RESULTS@#VR mice showed significant dysfunction in hemodynamic indices and cardiac structure and function. Compared with the shamoperation group, myocardial tissue damage, interstitial fibrosis occurred in the model mice, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular pressure maximum contraction rate (+dp/dt) and left ventricular pressure maximum relaxation rate (-dp/dt) decreased significantly (all P<0.01), while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), cardiac weight index and left ventricular weight index elevated significantly, meanwhile TGF-β, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad2, Smad3, MMP2, MMP9, collagen I, collagen III protein expressions in myocardial tissue and TGF-β, Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA expressions increased significantly (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, LZD could significantly improve the pathological changes of myocardial tissue, increase LVSP, +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax, lower LVEDP, reduce the whole heart weight index and left ventricular weight index and inhibit the over-expressions of TGF-β, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad2, Smad3, MMP2, MMP9, collagen I and collagen III proteins in myocardial tissue and mRNA expressions of TGF-β, Smad2 and Smad3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#LZD can significantly suppress VR induced by AMI, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with its inhibitory effect on the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Disease Models, Animal , Myocardial Infarction , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Smad Proteins , Metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Metabolism , Ventricular RemodelingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical application of ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection in the postoperative rehabilitation of arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears.@*METHODS@#This research retrospectively analyzed a total of 38 hips from 36 patients (2 of them were bilateral) whose imaging examination showed acetabular labral well healed but the rehabilitating training was limited due to hip pain after arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears in our hospital between June 2015 and May 2017. All the patients underwent ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection treatment. Through comparing the pain and the function of hip before and after drug injection, the clinical application values of ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection in the postoperative rehabilitation of arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears were explored. The degree of hip pain was assessed by visual analogue score (VAS), which were scored before and after the injection. The hip function was assessed by the hip range of activity. The SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for the data analysis. The effective rate of hip injection was calculated, which was defined as: ("excellent" + "good")/total number of cases×100%. The degree of hip pain was assessed by VAS, which was divided into 0 to 10 points with 0 for no pain and 10 for unbearable severe pain. The function of hip was assessed by the hip range of activity. The therapeutic effect of "excellent" meant no pain or occasional slight pain in the hip, along with Patrick test was negative and hip joint was not limited; the therapeutic effect of "good" meant that the pain was significantly reduced, and the hip's activity was slightly restricted. "No effect" meant that the pain of hip was not relieved, and the Patrick test was positive.@*RESULTS@#The VAS score of the patient before drug injection was 5.46±1.46, and the VAS score was 2.01±0.53 after drug injection 4 weeks later. The score of the latter was significantly lower than that of the former, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The hip joint activity after ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection was significantly improved. The therapeutic effective rate was 84.2%.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with hip pain and limitations after arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears, ultrasound-guided drug injection can effectively reduce hip pain, improve hip activity, and promote hip functional reconstruction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acetabulum , Arthroscopy , Cartilage, Articular , Hip Joint , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective·To observe the changes of perfusion index (PI),bispectral index (BIS),heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiratory rate (RR) under pulling stimuli in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repairs with spontaneous ventilation,so as to evaluate the clinical value of PI in monitoring the stress response.Methods·Thirty children undergoing selective open inguinal hernia repairs with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ were recruited.Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol,and was maintained with sevoflurane after the insertion of laryngeal mask.The PI,BIS,HR,SBP and RR were observed at the following time points:before induction of anesthesia (T0),before pulling hernia sac (T1),at the time point of pulling hernia sac (T2),1 min after pulling hernia sac (T3) and 5 min after pulling hernia sac (T4).Results·Compared with the baseline level at T0,the PI value at T1,T3 and T4 increased significantly (P=0.000,P=0.033 and P=0.000,respectively).The BIS,HR and SBP values at T1-T4 were significantly lower than baseline levels at T0(all P=0.000).The PI values at T2 and T3 reduced significantly compared with T1.The HR value at T2 was significantly higher than that ofT1 (P=0.033).Compared with the SBP values at T1,the SBP values at T3 and T4 were significantly higher (P=0.000 and P=0.011,respectively).And the RR values at T2 and T3 were higher than that at T1 (both P=0.000).The proportion of children with positive stress response based on PI was significantly higher than that based on other variables (all P=0.000).Conclusion·Perfusion index can reflect the noxious stimuli of the pulling hernia sac effectively and immediately.
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This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.
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This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.
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Drug addiction is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by compulsive drug taking, and involves neuronal plasticity changes in multiple brain regions. The prelimbic cortex (PrL) is a key region of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and contains majority of pyramidal neurons. The excitatory projections from PrL play a very important role in the drug seeking behaviors. PrL also contains a small amount of GABAergic interneurons, which regulate the information integration and transmission of the pyramidal neurons. However, the roles of the GABAergic interneurons in PrL in drug-induced behavior changes are not clear. In the PrL, parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons are two major GABAergic interneurons, which have been reported to regulate the activity of glutamatergic input, and form inhibitory synaptic transmission to regulate the output of downstream signals. Here, we used PV-Cre and SST-Cre mice combined with chemical genetics to explore the role of PV and SST interneurons in PrL in morphine-induced behavior changes. Our data showed that specific inhibiting SST interneurons in PrL significantly increased the anxiety level and decreased morphine-induced locomotor activity and the conditioned place preference (CPP) score. Instead, specific inhibiting PV interneurons in PrL had no effect on the anxiety level, morphine induced-locomotor activity and CPP. Our findings provide a new insight into the cellular and neuronal specific mechanism for drug addiction.
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Objective: To observe the changes of perfusion index (PI), bispectral index (BIS), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiratory rate (RR) under pulling stimuli in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repairs with spontaneous ventilation, so as to evaluate the clinical value of PI in monitoring the stress response. Methods: Thirty children undergoing selective open inguinal hernia repairs with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II were recruited. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol, and was maintained with sevoflurane after the insertion of laryngeal mask. The PI, BIS, HR, SBP and RR were observed at the following time points: before induction of anesthesia (T0), before pulling hernia sac (T1), at the time point of pulling hernia sac (T2), 1 min after pulling hernia sac (T3) and 5 min after pulling hernia sac (T4). Results: Compared with the baseline level at T0, the PI value at T1, T3 and T4 increased significantly (P=0.000, P=0.033 and P=0.000, respectively). The BIS, HR and SBP values at T1-T4 were significantly lower than baseline levels at T0 (all P=0.000). The PI values at T2 and T3 reduced significantly compared with T1. The HR value at T2 was significantly higher than that of T1 (P=0.033). Compared with the SBP values at T1, the SBP values at T3 and T4 were significantly higher (P=0.000 and P=0.011, respectively). And the RR values at T2 and T3 were higher than that at T1 (both P=0.000). The proportion of children with positive stress response based on PI was significantly higher than that based on other variables (all P=0.000). Conclusion: Perfusion index can reflect the noxious stimuli of the pulling hernia sac effectively and immediately.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of gene polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-1377C/T and expression of TLR3 with the susceptibility to enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 187 children with EV71 infection (59 children in the encephalitis group and 128 in the non-encephalitis group) and 232 children who underwent physical examination were enrolled in the case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of TLR3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR3-1377C/T between the non-encephalitis group and the encephalitis group. Compared with the control group, the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 (P<0.05), and the non-encephalitis group had the highest level (P<0.05). The encephalitis group had a significantly higher EV71 viral load than the non-encephalitis group (P<0.01). The children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 compared with their counterparts in the control group (P<0.05), and the children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the non-encephalitis group had a significantly higher serum level of TLR3 than those in the encephalitis group (P<0.05). In the encephalitis group, the children aged ≥1 year had a significantly higher TLR3 concentration than those aged <1 year (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the TLR3 concentration between the children aged ≥1 year and <1 year in the non-encephalitis group and the control group. In the encephalitis group, the proportion of children aged <1 year was significantly higher than those aged ≥1 year (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the development of EV71 encephalitis. Low expression of TLR3 might weaken the inhibitory effect on virus replication and promote the development of EV71 encephalitis. The deficiency in the expression of TLR3 in serum after EV71 infection might be an important factor for the development of encephalitis in infants.</p>
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Encephalitis, Viral , Genetics , Enterovirus A, Human , Enterovirus Infections , Genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Toll-Like Receptor 3 , GeneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Oral treponemes (especially Treponema denticola) are widely considered to play important roles in the occurrence and development of chronic peridontitis.Treponema denticola can be detected in both periodontal patients and healthy individuals,so its pathogenicity may depend on its relative numbers in subgingival plaque.OBJECTIVE:To detect the number of Treponema denticola in subgingival plaque of patients with different severities of chronic periodontitis and to investigate the relationship between the bacterial colonization and the periodontal status.METHODS:Subgingival plaque samples were respectively taken from 132 patients with chronic periodontitis and 40 healthy controls,admitted in the Department of Stomatology,Aviation General Hospital of Chinese Medical University from July 2015 to August 2016.Based on the clinical data,132 patients were divided into mild (n=41),moderate (n=46),and severe (n=45) groups.The presence,relative numbers and proportion of Treponema denticola in the samples were detected by TaqMan real-time PCR assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no difference in the presence of Treponema dentico/a in subgingival plaque between healthy and periodontal participants.The relative numbers and proportion of Treponema denticola in the periodontal patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (P ＜ 0.000 1).The quantification of Treponema denticola in different stages of periodontitis did show significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the bacterial level and proportion of Treponema denticola were positively correlated to the probing depths (P ＜ 0.000 1).When the probing depth was more than 7 mm,the bacterial level and proportion of Treponema denticola were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).These findings suggest that Treponema denticola widely exists in subgingival plaque of human.The bacterial load and proportion of Treponema denticola are tightly related to the severity of periodontitis and probing depth.The higher bacterial level and proportion of Treponema denticola indicate a severer periodontitis.Moreover,real-time PCR possesses a broad potential in the studies on etiology,diagnosis and treatment of pedodontology.
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AIM@#To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by macroporous adsorptive resin D101, silica gel, and ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. In addition, their cytotoxic activity against human hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG-2) were evaluated by the MTT method. Furthermore, RP-HPLC and colorimetric methods were used for the analysis of cosmosiin and total flavonoids.@*RESULTS@#A new lignan, together with five known compounds were obtained, and their structures were characterized as (+)-pinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4″-O-β-D-apiofuranoside (1), cosmosiin (2), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), liriodendrin (4), 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxy-bibenzyl-3-O-β-D-glucoside (5), and apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranside (6). Furthermore, RP-HPLC and colorimetric methods were established for the analysis of cosmosiin and total flavonoids.@*CONCLUSION@#Compound 1 was a new lignan, and compounds 5 and 6 were isolated for the first time from the title plant. Compounds 1, 4 and 6 showed definite activities against HepG-2, while the other compounds didn't show inhibitory effects. The optimal harvest time of B. papyrifera (L.) Vent. is September.
Subject(s)
Humans , Broussonetia , Chemistry , Cell Proliferation , Cytotoxins , Chemistry , Toxicity , Hep G2 Cells , Lignans , Chemistry , Toxicity , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Toxicity , Plant Leaves , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Study the effects of β-glucan in highland barley on blood glucose and serum lipid in high fat diet induced C57 mouse.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using table of random number, 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 mice in each group) by weight: high dosage group (4% β-glucan and high fat diet), low dosage group (2% β-glucan and high fat diet), high fat diet group and normal control group. Food-intake and body weight of C57 mouse were observed. Glucose tolerance tests and examinations of fasting blood glucose were performed at the end of 11 weeks of intervention. Mice were sacrificed after 12 wk of treatment, and serum specimens were obtained to test relevant biochemical indicators.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 12 weeks raise, among high dosage group, low dosage group, high fat diet group and normal control group, the weight was (32.8 ± 1.5), (40.4 ± 1.9), (40.7 ± 2.1) and (33.5 ± 1.3) g, respectively (F = 55.26, P < 0.05); average food intake was (3.48 ± 0.56), (3.69 ± 0.76), (3.66 ± 0.81) and (3.54 ± 0.61) g/d respectively (F = 0.26, P > 0.05); fasting blood-glucose was (5.29 ± 1.59), (6.13 ± 1.75), (7.63 ± 1.09) and (4.24 ± 0.98) mmol/L respectively (F = 9.54, P < 0.01); serum insulin level was (1.97 ± 0.10), (2.44 ± 0.24), (3.02 ± 0.36) and (1.48 ± 0.28) ng/ml respectively (F = 47.58, P < 0.01); the area under blood glucose concentration curve was (25.81 ± 1.44), (30.42 ± 2.01), (35.17 ± 1.20) and (21.03 ± 1.24) mmol×L(-1)×h(-1), respectively (F = 64.98, P < 0.05); insulin resistance index was (9.84 ± 3.78), (13.69 ± 4.48), (21.54 ± 3.27) and (5.81 ± 1.59) respectively (F = 30.18, P < 0.01); serum total cholesterol (TC) level was (4.05 ± 0.88), (4.30 ± 0.48), (4.73 ± 0.66) and (3.37 ± 0.40) mmol/L respectively (F = 6.70, P < 0.01); serum triglyceride (TG) level was (0.90 ± 0.09), (0.98 ± 0.09), (1.05 ± 0.06) and (0.76 ± 0.26) mmol/L respectively (F = 6.75, P < 0.01); serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was (2.91 ± 0.59), (3.34 ± 0.46), (4.89 ± 0.42) and (3.24 ± 0.37) mmol/L respectively (F = 31.73, P < 0.01); serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was (0.25 ± 0.15), (0.42 ± 0.19), (0.72 ± 0.12) and (0.32 ± 0.11) mmol/L, respectively (F = 17.27, P < 0.01); free fatty acids (FFA) level was (1.06 ± 0.03), (1.05 ± 0.05), (1.18 ± 0.32) and (1.04 ± 0.02) mmol/L, respectively (F = 1.36, P > 0.05); HDL-C/LDL-C was (13.77 ± 5.51), (9.11 ± 3.53), (7.04 ± 1.65) and (11.21 ± 3.31), respectively (F = 5.24, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The β-glucan in highland barley reduced the serum glucose and serum lipid, as well as insulin resistance and the risk of arterial sclerosis in high-fat induced C57 mouse.</p>